Biteganijwe ko gupfunyika ikoreshwa rimwe mu pulasitiki biziyongeraho 6.1% ku isi muri uyu mwaka, bitewe n’ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti, ubuvuzi n’ibiryo n’ibinyobwa mu masoko akomeye yo muri Aziya arimo iterambere rikomeye nk’Ubuhinde, Ubushinwa na Indoneziya.
Iduka riri i Bali, muri Indoneziya, rigurisha ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bipfunyitse rimwe. Aziya ya Pasifika iri ku isonga mu isoko ry’isoko ry’ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki bipfunyitse rimwe ku isi.
Isesengura rishya rigaragaza ko gupakira pulasitiki ikoreshwa rimwe byitezwe ko izatwara miliyari 26 z'amadolari y'Amerika ku isi muri uyu mwaka, hamwe n'iterambere ryihuse ry'isoko riterwa n'izamuka ry'ingufu zikoreshwa muri Aziya Pasifika.
Isoko ry'ibicuruzwa byo gutapulasitikiBiteganijwe ko ubukungu bw’igihugu buziyongeraho 6.1% mu 2023, kandi buteganijwe ko buzaba bufite agaciro ka miliyari 47 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu 2033, nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ikigo cy’ubutasi n’ubujyanama cya Future Market Insights gikorera i Dubai bubigaragaza.
Kuba plastiki iramba, yoroshye kuyikoresha, yorohereza abantu kuyikoresha ndetse n’igiciro gito cyayo byatumye ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nyinshi, aho iterambere ryihuse riri mu bucuruzi bw’ikoranabuhanga, ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa ndetse n’ubuvuzi,raporoyavuze.
Ubukire buri kwiyongera mu turere dukiri mu nzira y'amajyambere nka Aziya ndetse no kuba udupfunyika twa plastiki dukoreshwa rimwe gusa tugurishwa ku giciro gito ni byo bigaragazwa nk'impamvu z'iterambere.
Raporo yavuze kandi ko ubu umubare w'abagupfunyikaibikoresho byo guha abaturage bo mu mijyi bakomeza kwiyongera.
Iteganya iterambere ry’isoko ry’ibipfunyika bya pulasitiki bikoreshwa rimwe gusa nubwo hari umubare munini w’ibibujijwe ku bwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa pulasitiki zikoreshwa rimwe mu masoko akomeye nka Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, Ubwongereza, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Tayiwani na Hong Kong, ndetse no kumenya ingaruka z’ihumana rya pulasitiki mu karere ku bidukikije.
Aziya ya Pasifika ifite umugabane munini ku isoko mu iterambere ry’isoko ry’ibipfunyika bya plastiki bikoreshwa rimwe ku isi, ahanini bitewe n’uko inganda z’ibiribwa zikoresha uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa kuri interineti mu buryo bwo guha abakiriya ku masoko nk’Ubuhinde n’Ubushinwa.
Icyerekezo cy'ingenzi gishobora kugira uruhare mu hazaza h'imashini zikoreshwa rimwe ni ubuvuzi, kuko abatanga serivisi bongera ikoreshwa ryazo ry'ibikoresho bikoreshwa rimwe kugira ngo bagabanye ubwandu n'ibyago byo kwandura nyuma y'ukoCovid-19icyorezo, nk'uko ubushakashatsi bwabitangaje.
Iyi raporo ivuga ko ikigo kimwe cyo muri Amerika gikora ibikoresho bya pulasitiki, Bemis, na Zipz, gifite icyicaro i New Jersey, gikora ibirahure bya divayi muri polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bisa n'ibirahure bya kera, ari bimwe mu binini ku isoko.
Raporo irasohoka nyuma y'amezi abiriubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Minderoo Foundation, umuryango udaharanira inyungu, wasanze mu myaka mike ishize, umusaruro wa plastiki zikoreshwa rimwe ku isi warenze umusaruro wa plastiki zasubiwemo inshuro 15.
Biteganijwe ko izindi toni miliyoni 15 za plastiki ikoreshwa rimwe kurusha iziriho ubu zizaba zikoreshwa mu 2027 nkukoibikomoka kuri peteroliamasosiyetekuva kuri peteroli kugera kuri peteroli– ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora plastiki – kugira ngo inyungu zikomeze kwiyongera.
Ikoreshwa rya pulasitiki nk'ibikoresho byo kubikamo ryagiye rihinduka mu myaka yashize kuva umunsi byavumbuwe ko rishobora kubika ibintu igihe kirekire. Mu myaka yashize, ikoranabuhanga ryarushijeho kunoza ibyo ku buryo bigoye kwiyumvisha ubuzima budafite ibyo bicuruzwa.
Gupfunyika byoroshyeni imwe mu nzira nshya cyane zakozwe mu gupfunyika kwa pulasitiki. Hamwe n'ibisabwaibisubizo birambye byo gupfunyika, ni gute gupakira ibintu byoroshye byihariye mu gihe kizaza? Ibi bikurikira ni ibintu bitanu bishimangira icyizere cy'uko gupakira ibintu byoroshye ari igisubizo cy'igihe kirekire cy'ejo hazaza ku bikenewe byose mu gupakira.
Ubworoherane
Ubuzima bwahoraga bwihuta kandi nubwo ikoranabuhanga rifasha mu koroshya ibintu, abantu baracyahugiye mu kazi no mu bindi bintu; bityo rero, guhangayikishwa n'ibipfunyika ni cyo kintu kidahangayikishije cyane. Icyo bashaka niigisubizo kirambyeIbyo bizabafasha gukora icyo gice kandi bikabaha uburenganzira bwo gukora ibindi bintu. Gupakira ibintu mu buryo bworoshye byakoze akazi keza kuri iyo ntego kugeza ubu, kandi biteganijwe ko bizakomeza no mu gihe kizaza. Uzashobora kuva ku kazi vuba ukabona ibiryo byateguriwe icyumweru bipfunyitse mu ipaki idahumeka ishobora kumara iminsi myinshi.
Serivisi zo gutanga serivisikandi bazishingikiriza cyane ku bikoresho byo gupfunyika byoroshye kugira ngo ibicuruzwa byabo bigere ku ntego yabo ku gihe kandi biri mu mimerere myiza. Ubu ni bwo buryo bworoshye bwaje kugaragaza urwego rwo gupfunyika rworoshye, kandi bizakomeza kuba uko biri mu myaka myinshi iri imbere.
Igihe kirekire cyo kumara
Iminsi ahoibiryo bipfunyitseByagombaga kumara igihe gito bitarashira bitewe n’uburyo bwo gupakira buke. Urugero, nubwo ibiryo byo mu macupa byagiye bikora neza mu myaka yashize, akenshi bishingiye ku miti myinshi kugira ngo bikomeze kuba byiza ku biryo igihe cyose gishoboka. Iyi miti irangiza igabanya imiterere y’imiti n’uburyohe bw’ibirimo, kandi ibi si byo abantu benshi bifuza.
Ku rundi ruhande, gupakira byoroshye ni ikintuuburyo bw'ikoranabuhangaIbyo ntaho bihuriye no kongeramo imiti irinda ubushyuhe. Ni uburyo bworoshye bwo gufungira ibiryo mu gafuka gato gafunze neza ku buryo nta kintu na kimwe gishobora kwinjira no gusohoka keretse kidafunguwe. Ibi byongera igihe ikintu gishobora kumara ku gikoresho, kandi ibi bikora neza cyane kuko nta gutakaza ibiryo bigabanuka.
Filimi nini zirinda impanuka ni ingero z'uburyo bworoshye bwo gupfunyika bufite ibifunga bifunga umwuka kandi bikora neza n'ibiribwa bishobora kwangirika cyane nka foromaje n'ibinure, bikarinda ubushuhe n'umwuka wa ogisijeni, bikuba kabiri ndetse bikanakubye gatatu igihe cyo kumara igihe cyabyo, byongera amahirwe yo kugurwa kuruta gutabwa hanze nk'ibiryo byangiritse.
Ububiko n'Ubwikorezi
Ugereranyije n'udupfunyika dukomeye, umwanya ukoreshwa mu gupfunyika mu buryo bworoshye ni muto cyane.udufuka tworoshyeBigenewe kubika imitobe, akenshi biba biringaniye kandi bishobora kurundikwa hejuru y’ibindi byinshi, biryamye bifatanye, kandi haba hari umwanya munini wo kubikoresha. Iyo ugereranije n’amacupa asanzwe y’imitobe agomba kubikwa ahagaze, uhita ubona uburyo byombi bitandukanye.
Uburemere buke butuma ibintu byinshi bishobora gupakirwa mu bubiko bumwe bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa, ibyo bikaba bivuze ko gazi ikoreshwa mu kubitwara ari nke, kandi ibi bivuze ko ikirere cya karuboni gisigaye bitewe n’ubwo bwoko bw’ibipfunyika ari gito.
Ahantu ho kubika ibintu ku bubiko mu maduka no mu maduka manini na ho bigira akamaro kanini mu gupfunyika ibintu byoroshye.gupfunyika bikomeye, umwanya ugenwa n'ingano n'imiterere y'igipfunyika, ntabwo ari ibicuruzwa ubwabyo. Ku rundi ruhande, gupfunyika byoroshye bifata ishusho y'igipfunyika, kandi ibi bituma byinshi bishyirwa ku dusanduku; ibi bizigama amafaranga y'abacuruzi, yashoboraga gukoreshwa mu gukodesha ahantu ho kubika ibintu.
Guhindura ibintu ku buryo bwihariye
Biroroshye kongeramo uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu mu gihe ukoresha uburyo bwo gupakira busanzwe ugereranije n'uburyo bwo gupakira bukomeye. Biroroshye kandi byoroshye, kandi ibikoresho birasubira inyuma nyuma yo kubikanda cyangwa kubipfunyika. Ibi bivuze ko wongeyeho ibihangano cyangwaikirango cy'amashushoKuri bo hari ikintu gishobora gukorwa nubwo cyaba cyaramaze gukorwa kandi cyiteguye gukoreshwa. Ubu bushobozi bwo kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa byongera imiterere y'ibicuruzwa bya nyuma, ibi bikaba byongera ibicuruzwa kuko bishobora gukurura ibitekerezo by'abaguzi vuba cyane nubwo byaba biri ku gikoresho cyuzuye abantu.
Ba nyir'ibirango bashaka guteza imbere ibicuruzwa byabo mu gihe kizaza bagomba gutekereza gukoresha uburyo bwo gupakira ibintu mu buryo bworoshye kuko bihuye neza n'ikoranabuhanga ryose ryo gupakira ibicuruzwa, haba mu gucapa cyangwa ubundi buryo bwose bwo gushyiramo ibimenyetso na porogaramu. Ibi ni bimwe mu bintu by'akataraboneka bidashobora kwishimira mu gupakira ibintu mu buryo buhamye; iyo bimaze gushyirwaho, biba bigoye kongeramo impinduka nyuma yaho.
Hamwe n’ibikoresho byinshi byo kwamamaza bigenda bihendutse kandi abantu benshi bakabibona. Mu gihe kizaza abantu bazabasha kwikorera ubucuruzi bwabo batishyuye undi muntu. Uburyo bwo gukoresha porogaramu zo kuri interineti zishobora gukora ubucuruzi bwiza mu minota mike buzaba bukwirakwiriye hose, bikize abantu amafaranga menshi akunze gukoreshwa mu kwamamaza.
Ubushobozi butagira umupaka
Uburyo bworoshye bwo gupakira ibintu mu buryo bworoshye butanga amahirwe menshi. Nta mupaka ku buryo bishobora kugerwaho cyangwa bito. Ubushobozi bwo kubikora mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose n'ingano yabyo bivuze ko ikintu cyose gishobora gupakirwa hamwe n'ubwo bwoko, kandi ibi ni byiza cyane iyo utekereje uburyo inganda zitezweho gukura vuba mu myaka 20 iri imbere.
Kugira ngo habeho ibyifuzo byaumubare w'abaturage ukomeje kwiyongeraMu rwego rwo kwirinda igabanuka ry'umutungo, gukenera kubungabunga ibiryo bike bikorerwa mu nganda ntibyigeze biba ingenzi cyane nk'ibi. Kugeza ubu, gupakira mu buryo bworoshye bitanga ibisubizo bituma ibiryo byinshi bibikwa igihe kirekire nta gihinduka ku buryohe n'ubwiza.
Amasosiyete akomeye akora inganda hirya no hino ku isi ubu arimo gushora imari nyinshi mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere, ashyiraho uburyo bushya kandi bunoze bwo gupfunyika ibintu byoroshye mu gihe hategerejwe amategeko akaze agenga ibidukikije azabuza ibikoresho byose bya pulasitiki bifatwa nk'ibidashoboka. Bishobora kumvikana nk'ibikakaye, ariko iterambere ry'uburyo bwo gukemura iki kibazo rizagirira akamaro abaguzi kuko ubu bazabona ibikoresho byiza byo gupfunyika ibintu byoroshye ku giciro gito cyane kurusha mbere.
Hari icyizere cy’uko vuba aha hazabaho ubwoko bwihariye bw’ibicuruzwa byoroshye gupfunyika bishobora kongera gukoreshwa inshuro nyinshi bitabangamiye imiterere yabyo cyangwa ngo bigire ingaruka ku mutekano w’ibirimo birinzwe.
Intangiriro
Gupfunyika filime n'ibipfunyika bya pulasitiki byoroshye
Udupaki twa filime n'udupaki tworoshye ('flexibles') ni cyo cyiciro cy'udupaki twa pulasitiki gikura vuba. Bitewe n'uburemere bwatwo buke, igiciro gito n'imikorere yabwo iri hejuru, udupaki tworoshye dukoreshwa ku bicuruzwa byinshi, nko ku mbuto nshya, inyama, ibiryo byumye, ibiryo biryoshye, ibinyobwa n'ibindi. Imiterere yatwo ishobora kuba isanzwe, icapwa, ipfutswe, ivanzwe cyangwa irangijwe.
Nkuko byagaragajwe n'ishyirahamwe ry'abakoresha ibyuma bya pulasitiki (APR), igice kinini cya firime ni polyethylene na polypropylene, ariko ubu polyethylene ni yo yonyine ikusanywa ikongera gukoreshwa nk' "PCR" (ikoreshwa nyuma y'umuguzi) muri Amerika ya Ruguru.
Isuzuma ry’ubuzima, rireba uruziga rw’ibipfunyika, kuva ku gukuramo ibikoresho kugeza ku gutabwa, rikunze kugaragaza ko ibintu byoroshye ari byo bikundwa ugereranije n’ibindi. Ariko, ibintu byoroshye akenshi bikoreshwa rimwe, kandi bifite igipimo gito cyane cyo kongera gukoresha, kandi bimwe mu bikoresho byoroshye, nk’ibipfunyika by’ibiribwa n’amashashi ya pulasitiki, ni ibintu bikunze gukoreshwa kenshi.
Ibisobanuro
Ubufatanye mu 2021 bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoreshoimpapuro z'umweruitanga ibi bisobanuro:
Filime:Filimi ya pulasitiki isanzwe isobanurwa nk'ipulasitiki iyo ari yo yose ifite ubugari buri munsi ya milimetero 10. Igice kinini cya filimi ya pulasitiki gikozwe muri resine ya polyethylene (PE), haba ibikoresho bifite ubucucike buke n'ibifite ubucucike bwinshi.
Ingero zirimo imifuka igurishwa mu maduka, imifuka y'imigati, imifuka y'ibikomoka ku bimera, imisego y'umwuka n'ipfunyika ry'ibipfunyika. Polypropylene (PP) nayo ikoreshwa mu gupfunyika mu buryo nk'ubwo. Ibi byiciro bya firime bikunze kwitwa firime ya "monolayer".
Gupfunyika byoroshye:Bitandukanye na firime imwe, gupfunyika byoroshye akenshi bigizwe n'ibikoresho byinshi cyangwa ibice byinshi bya firime ya pulasitiki. Imiterere itandukanye muri buri cyiciro itanga imikorere itandukanye kuri firime. Ibice biri mu gipfunyika byoroshye bishobora kuba firime ya aluminiyumu cyangwa impapuro hamwe na pulasitiki.
Ingero zirimo udufuka, amaboko, udupfunyika, n'amasakoshi.
