Gupakira inshuro imwe gusa biteganijwe ko biziyongera ku gipimo cya 6.1 ku ijana ku isi yose muri uyu mwaka, bitewe n’ubucuruzi bwa e-ubucuruzi, ubuvuzi, ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa mu masoko akomeye yo muri Aziya azamuka cyane nko mu Buhinde, Ubushinwa na Indoneziya.
Ahantu hacururizwa i Bali, Indoneziya, kugurisha ibicuruzwa bipfunyitse rimwe gusa.Aziya ya pasifika yiganje ku isoko ry’isoko ryo gupakira plastike ku isi yose.
Biteganijwe ko gupakira inshuro imwe gusa bizaba inganda zingana na miliyari 26 z’amadolari y’Amerika muri uyu mwaka, hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’isoko riterwa n’izamuka ry’imikoreshereze muri Aziya ya pasifika, nk’uko isesengura rishya ribigaragaza.
Isoko ryo gutaplastikebiteganijwe ko iziyongera ku gipimo cya 6.1 ku ijana mu 2023, bikaba biteganijwe ko mu 2033 izaba ifite agaciro ka miliyari 47 z'amadolari y'Amerika.
Kuramba, guhinduka, korohereza hamwe nigiciro gito cya plastiki zikoreshwa byatumye abantu benshi bakwirakwizwa mu nganda nyinshi, aho iterambere ryihuta cyane riri mu bucuruzi bwa e-ubucuruzi, ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa ndetse n’ubuvuzi,raporoati.
Kwiyongera k'ubutunzi mu turere dukiri mu nzira y'amajyambere nka Aziya ndetse no hose mu masakoshi ya pulasitike imwe rukumbi yo kugurisha ibicuruzwa ku rugero ruto bitangwa nk'impamvu zo kuzamuka.
Raporo yavuze kandi ko ubu hari umubare wiyongeragupakiraibikoresho byo gutanga kwagura abaturage bo mumijyi.
Irateganya iterambere ry’isoko ryo gupakira rimwe gusa nubwo hagenda hagaragara ibihano ku bwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa plastiki zikoreshwa ku masoko akomeye nk’Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Ubwongereza, Amerika, Tayiwani na Hong Kong, ndetse no kurushaho gukangurira abaturage ingaruka z’ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije muri kariya karere.
Aziya ya pasifika ifite uruhare runini ku isoko mu kuzamuka kw’isoko rya plastike imwe rukumbi ku isi, bitewe ahanini n’inganda z’ibiribwa zigenda zikoresha ibicuruzwa biva kuri interineti kugira ngo bitange abakiriya ku masoko nk’Ubuhinde n’Ubushinwa.
Icyerekezo cyingenzi gishobora guhindura ejo hazaza ha plastiki imwe rukumbi nubuvuzi, kuko abayitanga bongera imikoreshereze yimiti kugirango bagabanye kwanduza no kwandura indwara nyuma yaCovid-19icyorezo cyavuze ko icyorezo.
Raporo ivuga nk'ibikoresho byo muri Amerika bikoresha ibikoresho bya pulasitiki byo mu bwoko bwa Bemis hamwe na Zipz ikorera muri New Jersey, ikora ibirahure bya divayi biva muri polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bisa n'ibikoresho by'ibirahure bya kera, nka bamwe mu bakinnyi bakomeye ku isoko.
Raporo igaragara nyuma y'amezi abiriubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Minderoo Foundation, idaharanira inyungu, yasanze mu myaka mike ishize, umusaruro w’isi yose wa plastiki imwe rukumbi warushije umusaruro wa plastiki ukoreshwa inshuro 15.
Andi toni miliyoni 15 ya plastike imwe rukumbi kuruta iyariho ubu biteganijwe ko azakwirakwizwa muri 2027 nkukoibicanwaibigopivot kuva mumavuta kugeza kuri peteroli- ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora plastiki - kugirango iterambere ryiyongere.
Gukoresha plastiki nkibikoresho byo kubika byanyuze mu mpinduka nyinshi mu myaka yashize kuva umunsi byavumbuwe bishobora kubika ibintu igihe kirekire.Mu myaka yashize, ikoranabuhanga ryarushijeho kwiyongera kuburyo kugeza aho bidashoboka kwiyumvisha ubuzima udafite ibyo bicuruzwa.
Gupakira byoroshyenimwe mubikorwa bishya bigezweho biva mubipfunyika bya plastiki.Hamwe no guhamagarwaibisubizo birambye byo gupakira, ni gute imyanya yoroheje yo gupakira ubwayo ejo hazaza?Ibikurikira nibintu bitanu bishimangira kwizera ko gupakira byoroshye ari igisubizo kirambye cyigihe kirekire kubikenewe byose.
Amahirwe
Ubuzima burigihe bwihuta kandi nkuko ikoranabuhanga rifasha koroshya ibyo, abantu baracyahuze akazi nibindi bintu;kubwibyo, ugomba guhangayikishwa no gupakira ni bike mubyo bahangayikishijwe.Icyo bashaka niigisubizo kirambyeibyo bizakemura icyo gice kandi bibabohore gukora ibindi bintu.Gupakira byoroshye byakoze akazi keza kuri iyo mpera kugeza ubu, kandi biteganijwe ko bizakomeza ejo hazaza.Uzashobora kwiruka ku kazi hanyuma ubone ibiryo byateguwe mucyumweru bipfunyitse mu kirere cyoroshye kandi gishobora kumara iminsi.
Serivise zo gutangaBizashingira kandi cyane kubikoresho bipfunyika byoroshye kugirango ibicuruzwa byabo bigere kubyo bagenewe mugihe kandi neza.Ubu ni bwo buryo bworoshye bwaje gusobanura ibintu byoroshye gupakira, kandi bizakomeza kumera imyaka myinshi uhereye ubu.
Ubuzima Burebure
Umunsi urashizeibiryo bipfunyitseyagombaga kugira ubuzima buciriritse bitewe nuburyo bwo gupakira nabi.Ibiryo byafunzwe, nkurugero, nkuko byagenze neza mumyaka, mubisanzwe bishingiye kumiti myinshi kugirango bikomeze kwemerwa igihe kirekire gishoboka.Iyi miti yarangiza igashyiraho imiti nuburyohe bwibirimo, kandi ntabwo aribyo abantu benshi bifuza.
Gupakira byoroshye, kurundi ruhande, ni auburyo bukoreshwaibyo ntaho bihuriye no kongera imiti igabanya ubukana.Nuburyo bworoshye bwo gufunga ibiryo mumufuka woroshye ufunzwe neza kugeza aho ntakintu gishobora kwinjira no gusohoka keretse gifunguwe.Ibi byongera igihe ikintu gishobora kuguma kumugozi, kandi ibi birakora neza kuko hari ibiryo bike.
Filime nini ya barrière ni ingero zuburyo bworoshye bwo gupakira bufite kashe yumuyaga kandi bigakorana neza nibiryo byangirika cyane nka foromaje na jerky, bikabarinda ubushuhe na ogisijeni, gukuba kabiri ndetse no kwikuba gatatu ubuzima bwabo, bikongerera amahirwe yo kugurwa kuruta gutabwa hanze nk'ibiryo byangiritse.
Kubika no Gutwara
Iyo ugereranije no gupakira gukomeye, umwanya ufitemo ibintu byoroshye ni bike cyane.Fatabyoroshyeibyo bisunikwa kubika imitobe, mubisanzwe biringaniye kandi birashobora kurundarunda hejuru yabandi ku bwinshi, kuryama hejuru, kandi hasigara umwanya munini kuri byinshi.Iyo ugereranije ibyo n'amacupa yumutobe asanzwe agomba kubikwa neza, urabona uburyo byombi bishobora gutandukana.
Uburemere buke bivuze ko byinshi bishobora gupakirwa mububiko bumwe bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa, bisobanura gaze nkeya ikoreshwa mu kubitwara, kandi amaherezo bivuze ko ikirenge cya karuboni gisigaye inyuma kubera ubwo bwoko bwo gupakira ari gito.
Umwanya wo kubikamo ku maduka no mu maduka manini nayo yunguka cyane kubipakira byoroshye.Hamwe nagupakira, umwanya ugenwa nubunini nuburyo bwo gupakira, ntabwo ibicuruzwa ubwabyo.Gupakira byoroshye, kurundi ruhande, bifata imiterere yibicuruzwa, kandi ibi bituma byinshi bishyirwa mubigega;ibi bizigama abadandaza amafaranga, yashoboraga gukoreshwa mugukoresha ububiko.
Guhitamo
Biroroshye kongeramo ibintu byihariye mugihe ukorana nububiko bworoshye ugereranije nububiko bukomeye.Biroroshye kandi byoroshye muri kamere, kandi ibikoresho bisubira inyuma oya nyuma yukuntu ukanda cyangwa ukazinga.Ibi bivuze kongera ibihangano cyangwaIbishushanyo mbonerakuri bo ni ikintu gishobora gukorwa na nyuma yuko kimaze gukorwa kandi cyiteguye gukoresha.Ubu bushobozi bwo kumenyekanisha butezimbere ibintu bigaragara mubicuruzwa byanyuma, nabyo byongera ibicuruzwa kuko bishobora gukurura abaguzi byihuse nubwo byashyizwe kumurongo wuzuye.
Abafite ibicuruzwa bashaka guha imbaraga ibicuruzwa byabo mugihe kizaza bagomba gutekereza kubipakira byoroshye kuko bihujwe nuburyo bwose bwikoranabuhanga ryamamaza, haba gucapa cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kuranga na software.Ibi nibimwe mubintu byiza cyane bipfunyika bidashobora kwishimira;bimaze gushyirwaho, ntibishoboka kongeramo ibyahinduwe nyuma.
Hamwe nibikoresho byinshi byo kwamamaza bigenda bihendutse kandi bigera kubantu benshi.Abantu mugihe kizaza bagiye gukora ibicuruzwa byabo bwite batiriwe bishyura undi muntu kubwibyo.Kugera kuri software kumurongo ushobora gukora ibirango byiza muminota mike bizagwira, bizigame abantu amafaranga menshi mubisanzwe bijya mubirango.
Ibishoboka bitagira imipaka
Ihinduka ryibikoresho byoroshye byugurura isi nshya y'ibishoboka.Nta karimbi kangana cyangwa nini bashobora kubona.Ubushobozi bwo kubibyaza umusaruro muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bivuze ko mubyukuri ikintu cyose gishobora gupakirwa nubu bwoko, kandi ibi biratanga ikizere cyane iyo urebye uburyo inganda zikora ziteganijwe kwiyongera mumyaka 20 iri imbere.
Kugira ngo uhuze ibyifuzo byaubwiyongere bw'abaturagekurwanya kugabanuka kwamikoro, gukenera kubika ibiryo bito byakozwe ntabwo byigeze biba ingenzi nkibi.Kugeza ubu, gupakira byoroshye bitanga ibisubizo byemeza ko ibiryo byinshi bibikwa mugihe kirekire cyane nta gihindutse kuburyohe nubwiza.
Isosiyete ikora inganda zikomeye ku isi muri iki gihe zirimo gushora imari cyane mu bushakashatsi n’iterambere, zishyiraho uburyo bushya kandi bunonosoye bwo gupakira ibintu byoroshye mu gihe hategerejwe amategeko akomeye y’ibidukikije azahagarika cyane cyane ibikoresho byose bya pulasitiki bifatwa nk’ibidashoboka.Irashobora kumvikana nabi, ariko iterambere ryibisubizo byubundi buryo bizagirira akamaro abaguzi kuko ubu bazabona ibikoresho byoroshye byo gupakira byoroshye ku giciro gito cyane ugereranije na mbere.
Hariho ibyiringiro bigenda byiyongera ko vuba aha, hazabaho ubwoko bwihariye bwibicuruzwa bipfunyika byoroshye bishobora gukoreshwa inshuro nyinshi bitabangamiye ubunyangamugayo bwabo cyangwa ngo bigire ingaruka kumutekano wibirimo barinze.
Intangiriro
Firime & Ibikoresho byoroshye
Ibikoresho bya firime kandi byoroshye ('flexibles') nicyiciro cyo gukura cya plastiki cyihuta cyane.Bitewe n'uburemere buke, igiciro gito nibikorwa byinshi, flexibles ikoreshwa mubicuruzwa byinshi, nk'imbuto nshya, inyama, ibiryo byumye, ibirungo, ibinyobwa n'ibindi.Ubwubatsi bushobora kuba bworoshye, bwacapwe, butwikiriwe, bufatanije cyangwa bwometseho.
Nkuko byagaragajwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’imyororokere ya plastike (APR), igice kinini cya firime ni polyethylene na polypropilene, ariko kuri ubu polyethylene yonyine ni yo ikusanywa kandi ikongera gukoreshwa nka “PCR” (Post-Consumer-Recycled) muri Amerika ya Ruguru.
Isuzuma ryubuzima-cycle, hitabwa kumurongo wuzuye wo gupakira, kuva kubikuramo ibintu kugeza kujugunywa, akenshi byerekana ko flexibles ikundwa, mugihe ugereranije nubundi buryo.Nyamara, flexibles isanzwe ikoreshwa rimwe, hamwe nigiciro gito cyane cyo gutunganya, hamwe nuburyo bumwe bworoshye, nkibipfunyika ibiryo hamwe namashashi ya pulasitike, nibintu byangiza imyanda myinshi.
Ibisobanuro
Ubufatanye bwa 2021impapuro zeraitanga ibisobanuro:
Filime:Filime ya plastike isanzwe isobanurwa nkibintu byose bya plastiki bitarenze milimetero 10.Ibyinshi muri firime ya plastike bikozwe mubisigazwa bya polyethylene (PE), haba mubucucike buke ndetse nibikoresho byinshi.
Ingero zirimo imifuka yo kugurisha ibiribwa, imifuka yimigati, kubyara imifuka, umusego wumwuka hamwe no gupfunyika.Polypropilene (PP) nayo ikoreshwa mugupakira mubisabwa bisa.Ibyiciro bya firime bakunze kwita firime "monolayer".
Gupakira byoroshye:Bitandukanye na firime ya monolayeri, gupakira byoroshye akenshi bigizwe nibikoresho byinshi cyangwa ibice byinshi bya firime ya plastike.Imiterere itandukanye muri buri cyiciro itanga imikorere itandukanye kuri paki.Ibice biri mubice byoroshye birashobora kuba aluminiyumu cyangwa impapuro ziyongera kuri plastiki.
Ingero zirimo pouches, amaboko, amasakoshi, namashashi.